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What (who) is mass$47074$ - definition
![[[Calutron]] mass spectrometers were used in the [[Manhattan Project]] for uranium enrichment.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alpha calutron tank.jpg?width=200 "[[Calutron]] mass spectrometers were used in the [[Manhattan Project]] for uranium enrichment.")
![[[Surface ionization]] source at the [[Argonne National Laboratory]] linear accelerator](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/CARIBU at ATLAS.jpg?width=200 "[[Surface ionization]] source at the [[Argonne National Laboratory]] linear accelerator")
![Replica of [[F.W. Aston]]'s third mass spectrometer](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Early Mass Spectrometer (replica).jpg?width=200 "Replica of [[F.W. Aston]]'s third mass spectrometer")
![[[Indianapolis Museum of Art]] conservation scientist performing [[liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/IMA Conservation Science.jpg?width=200 "[[Indianapolis Museum of Art]] conservation scientist performing [[liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry]]")
 Mass spectrometer.jpg?width=200 "Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer")
![TEGA]] mass spectrometer](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rosy Red to TEGA.jpg?width=200 "TEGA]] mass spectrometer")
![MALDI]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/TandemMS.svg?width=200 "MALDI]]")
![[[Toluene]] electron ionization mass spectrum](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Toluene ei ms.PNG?width=200 "[[Toluene]] electron ionization mass spectrum")
![WB-57]] high-altitude research aircraft](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/WB-57 PALMS Mount.jpg?width=200 "WB-57]] high-altitude research aircraft")
Wikipedia
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that is used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. The results are presented as a mass spectrum, a plot of intensity as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio. Mass spectrometry is used in many different fields and is applied to pure samples as well as complex mixtures.
A mass spectrum is a type of plot of the ion signal as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio. These spectra are used to determine the elemental or isotopic signature of a sample, the masses of particles and of molecules, and to elucidate the chemical identity or structure of molecules and other chemical compounds.
In a typical MS procedure, a sample, which may be solid, liquid, or gaseous, is ionized, for example by bombarding it with a beam of electrons. This may cause some of the sample's molecules to break up into positively charged fragments or simply become positively charged without fragmenting. These ions (fragments) are then separated according to their mass-to-charge ratio, for example by accelerating them and subjecting them to an electric or magnetic field: ions of the same mass-to-charge ratio will undergo the same amount of deflection. The ions are detected by a mechanism capable of detecting charged particles, such as an electron multiplier. Results are displayed as spectra of the signal intensity of detected ions as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio. The atoms or molecules in the sample can be identified by correlating known masses (e.g. an entire molecule) to the identified masses or through a characteristic fragmentation pattern.
